{
  "_id": "6ae649539ceaa78f20098ba3",
  "Package": "kits",
  "Title": "Psychometric Tools for the Kids in Taiwan Developmental Scale",
  "Version": "0.25.2",
  "Date": "2026-10-30",
  "Authors@R": "person(\"Jie-Wen\", \"Tsai\", email = \"tsai.jiewen@gmail.com\", role = c(\"aut\", \"cre\"))",
  "Description": "Tools for the developmental scale of KIT (Kids in Taiwan:\nNational Longitudinal Study of Child Development and Care).\nEach model is written once and 'RTMB' gives every derivative\n(the conditional maximum likelihood, the person scores, the\nthreshold standard errors, the norms); the closed-form steps\nuse base R, and the data are handled with 'dplyr', 'tidyr' and\n'purrr'. Items are calibrated with the partial credit model\n(Masters, 1982) <doi:10.1007/BF02296272> by conditional maximum\nlikelihood, written as the elementary symmetric functions of\nthe step parameters. Cohorts are linked by mean/sigma (Marco,\n1977) <doi:10.1111/j.1745-3984.1977.tb00033.x> on the\nThurstonian thresholds, and anchor items link to the D score of\nthe Global Scales for Early Development (Weber et al., 2019)\n<doi:10.1136/bmjgh-2019-001724>. Person scores are weighted\nlikelihood estimates (Warm, 1989) <doi:10.1007/BF02294627>; for\nthe partial credit model they equal the Jeffreys modal\nestimates (Firth, 1993) <doi:10.1093/biomet/80.1.27> (Magis,\n2015) <doi:10.1007/s11336-013-9378-5>, which are computed by\nthe Newton method of 'RTMB', one per item set and raw score.\nNorms are continuous sinh-arcsinh norms (Jones and Pewsey,\n2009) <doi:10.1093/biomet/asp053> fitted by maximum likelihood\nwith the polynomial model and bounds of 'cNORM' (Lenhard and\nLenhard, 2021) <doi:10.1177/0013164420928457>, minimised by\nnlminb with the gradient and Hessian of 'RTMB'. Differential\nitem functioning combines the likelihood-ratio test of Andersen\n(1973) <doi:10.1007/BF02291180> with the item-pair test of\nBechger and Maris (2015) <doi:10.1007/s11336-014-9408-y>,\ncomputed by CML in each group. The linking error at each score\nand through a chain of links, the statistics of the waves as a\nvertical scale, the precision of each form across the scale,\nand IRT true-score and observed-score equating of raw scores\nfollow Kolen and Brennan (2014)\n<doi:10.1007/978-1-4939-0317-7>. The plots are drawn with\n'plotly'. The algorithms are also exported as plain functions\n(the 'algo_' layer) that chain with the pipe, and\nkits_algorithm() names the steps, formulas and references\nbehind a result; teaching scripts in 'inst/scripts' recompute\nthe estimates with 'RTMB' on the demo data. The companion\npackage 'kitsPreview' computes the same results with 'dexter'\nand 'cNORM' for validation.",
  "License": "GPL-3",
  "Encoding": "UTF-8",
  "LazyData": "true",
  "LazyDataCompression": "xz",
  "Language": "en-US",
  "VignetteBuilder": "quarto",
  "Config/testthat/edition": "3",
  "Roxygen": "list(markdown = TRUE)",
  "Config/roxygen2/version": "8.1.0",
  "Collate": "'ability.R' 'algo.R' 'algorithm.R' 'anchors.R'\n'as_data_frame.R' 'calibrate.R' 'cml.R' 'conditions.R' 'data.R'\n'diagnostics.R' 'dif.R' 'drift.R' 'esf.R' 'fit.R' 'info.R'\n'item_map.R' 'item_table.R' 'items.R' 'kits-package.R' 'kits.R'\n'labels.R' 'line.R' 'link.R' 'link_check.R' 'link_se.R'\n'link_steps.R' 'methods.R' 'norms.R' 'norms_screen.R'\n'norms_shash.R' 'norms_steps.R' 'pcm_core.R' 'style.R'\n'plots.R' 'plots_results.R' 'precision.R' 'print.R' 'resp.R'\n'restscore.R' 'scale.R' 'score.R' 'simulate.R' 'stats.R'\n'utils.R' 'vctrs.R' 'vertical.R'",
  "Config/pak/sysreqs": "cmake make libicu-dev libuv1-dev libssl-dev",
  "Repository": "https://jiewentsai.r-universe.dev",
  "Date/Publication": "2026-10-29 20:27:55 UTC",
  "RemoteUrl": "https://github.com/jiewenTsai/kits",
  "RemoteRef": "HEAD",
  "RemoteSha": "6df7a02b86825155a034e830f93d8623d20b0d5f",
  "NeedsCompilation": "no",
  "Packaged": {
    "Date": "2026-10-31 18:56:37 UTC",
    "User": "root"
  },
  "Author": "Jie-Wen Tsai [aut, cre]",
  "Maintainer": "Jie-Wen Tsai <tsai.jiewen@gmail.com>",
  "_user": "jiewentsai",
  "_type": "src",
  "_file": "kits_0.25.2.tar.gz",
  "_fileid": "https://r2.ropensci.org/f1a70ceaba790b7655679d6a2ba7bc0f0772555a0c33a5bfdcca8fba2157650b",
  "_filesize": 1321889,
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  "_expires": "2027-02-08T19:12:56.000Z",
  "_created": "2026-10-31T18:56:37.000Z",
  "_published": "2026-10-31T20:02:27.906Z",
  "_upstream": "https://github.com/jiewenTsai/kits",
  "_status": "success",
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  "_buildurl": "https://github.com/r-universe/jiewentsai/actions/runs/41231514392",
  "_commit": {
    "id": "6df7a02b86825155a034e830f93d8623d20b0d5f",
    "author": "Jie-Wen Tsai <tsai.jiewen@gmail.com>",
    "committer": "Jie-Wen Tsai <tsai.jiewen@gmail.com>",
    "message": "kits 0.25.2: speed fixes, results identical to 0.25.1\n\nFaster design plot, PCM kernel, observed plot, duplicate check and\nperson sets; every output checked with identical() against 0.25.1.\n\nCo-Authored-By: Claude Opus 5.5 <noreply@anthropic.com>\nClaude-Session: https://claude.ai/code/session_01MFw9xUzmDuEZ5ddWSv7MGj\n",
    "time": 1793305675
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  "_dependencies": [
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      "package": "R",
      "version": ">= 4.1.0",
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    {
      "package": "RTMB",
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  "_owner": "jiewentsai",
  "_selfowned": true,
  "_usedby": 2,
  "_updates": [
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  "_tags": [
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      "date": "2026-10-29"
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    {
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    "source": "https://cranlogs.r-pkg.org/downloads/total/last-month/kits"
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  "_devurl": "https://github.com/jiewentsai/kits",
  "_searchresults": 28,
  "_quarto": true,
  "_topics": [
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  "_rbuild": "4.6.1",
  "_assets": [
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    "extra/citation.html",
    "extra/citation.json",
    "extra/citation.txt",
    "extra/contents.json",
    "extra/kits.html",
    "extra/manual.pdf",
    "extra/NEWS.html",
    "extra/NEWS.txt",
    "extra/readme.html",
    "extra/readme.md"
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  "_cranurl": false,
  "_exports": [
    "AGE_TICKS",
    "algo_cml",
    "algo_esf",
    "algo_jme",
    "algo_line",
    "algo_link_error",
    "algo_lw",
    "algo_mean_sigma",
    "algo_pcm",
    "algo_screen",
    "algo_shash",
    "algo_shash_z",
    "algo_thresholds",
    "kits",
    "kits_algorithm",
    "kits_anchors",
    "kits_check",
    "kits_cml",
    "kits_convert",
    "kits_dif",
    "kits_dif_combine",
    "kits_drift",
    "kits_esf",
    "kits_expected_score",
    "kits_info",
    "kits_information",
    "kits_item",
    "kits_item_restscore",
    "kits_item_table",
    "kits_itemfit",
    "kits_link_check",
    "kits_link_error",
    "kits_link_line",
    "kits_link_points",
    "kits_link_screen",
    "kits_linking",
    "kits_norm_ages",
    "kits_norm_data",
    "kits_norm_fit",
    "kits_norm_screen",
    "kits_norm_table",
    "kits_norm_z",
    "kits_norms",
    "kits_pcm_prob",
    "kits_precision",
    "kits_resp",
    "kits_save_plot",
    "kits_sim",
    "kits_stats",
    "kits_subj",
    "kits_subj_table",
    "kits_thresholds",
    "kits_vertical",
    "NORM_PCT"
  ],
  "_datasets": [
    {
      "name": "kitm03",
      "title": "Simulated KIT data for teaching",
      "object": "kitm03",
      "class": [
        "list"
      ],
      "fields": [],
      "table": false,
      "tojson": true
    },
    {
      "name": "kitm36",
      "title": "Simulated KIT data for teaching",
      "object": "kitm36",
      "class": [
        "list"
      ],
      "fields": [],
      "table": false,
      "tojson": true
    }
  ],
  "_help": [
    {
      "page": "AGE_TICKS",
      "title": "Age ticks for plots",
      "topics": [
        "AGE_TICKS"
      ]
    },
    {
      "page": "algo_cml",
      "title": "Conditional maximum likelihood of the PCM",
      "concept": [
        "algo"
      ],
      "topics": [
        "algo_cml"
      ]
    },
    {
      "page": "algo_esf",
      "title": "Elementary symmetric functions and the conditional item-score distributions",
      "concept": [
        "algo"
      ],
      "topics": [
        "algo_esf"
      ]
    },
    {
      "page": "algo_jme",
      "title": "Jeffreys modal estimates of ability and their SEs",
      "concept": [
        "algo"
      ],
      "topics": [
        "algo_jme"
      ]
    },
    {
      "page": "algo_line",
      "title": "Apply, invert or compose straight lines",
      "concept": [
        "algo"
      ],
      "topics": [
        "algo_line"
      ]
    },
    {
      "page": "algo_link_error",
      "title": "The linking error by resampling whole items",
      "concept": [
        "algo"
      ],
      "topics": [
        "algo_link_error"
      ]
    },
    {
      "page": "algo_lw",
      "title": "The raw-score distribution given theta (Lord-Wingersky)",
      "concept": [
        "algo"
      ],
      "topics": [
        "algo_lw"
      ]
    },
    {
      "page": "algo_mean_sigma",
      "title": "The mean/sigma line",
      "concept": [
        "algo"
      ],
      "topics": [
        "algo_mean_sigma"
      ]
    },
    {
      "page": "algo_pcm",
      "title": "PCM category probabilities and moments of one item",
      "concept": [
        "algo"
      ],
      "topics": [
        "algo_pcm"
      ]
    },
    {
      "page": "algo_screen",
      "title": "One round of screening of the link points",
      "concept": [
        "algo"
      ],
      "topics": [
        "algo_screen"
      ]
    },
    {
      "page": "algo_shash",
      "title": "A shash norm model by maximum likelihood",
      "concept": [
        "algo"
      ],
      "topics": [
        "algo_shash"
      ]
    },
    {
      "page": "algo_shash_z",
      "title": "Same-age z-scores under a shash norm model",
      "concept": [
        "algo"
      ],
      "topics": [
        "algo_shash_z"
      ]
    },
    {
      "page": "algo_thresholds",
      "title": "Thurstonian thresholds of the steps and their SEs",
      "concept": [
        "algo"
      ],
      "topics": [
        "algo_thresholds"
      ]
    },
    {
      "page": "as.data.frame.kits",
      "title": "One-row summaries of kits results, ready to stack",
      "topics": [
        "as.data.frame.kits",
        "as.data.frame.kits_drift",
        "as.data.frame.kits_info",
        "as.data.frame.kits_item",
        "as.data.frame.kits_link",
        "as.data.frame.kits_link_check",
        "as.data.frame.kits_norm_fit",
        "as.data.frame.kits_norm_screen",
        "as.data.frame.kits_stats"
      ]
    },
    {
      "page": "kitm03",
      "title": "Simulated KIT data for teaching",
      "topics": [
        "kitm03",
        "kitm36"
      ]
    },
    {
      "page": "kits",
      "title": "Calibrate and score in one step",
      "topics": [
        "kits",
        "plot.kits",
        "print.kits"
      ]
    },
    {
      "page": "kits_algorithm",
      "title": "The algorithm behind a result",
      "topics": [
        "kits_algorithm"
      ]
    },
    {
      "page": "kits_anchors",
      "title": "The anchor items of the link to D (GSED), for one dscore key",
      "topics": [
        "kits_anchors"
      ]
    },
    {
      "page": "kits_check",
      "title": "Diagnostics of one or more results",
      "topics": [
        "kits_check"
      ]
    },
    {
      "page": "kits_convert",
      "title": "Convert scores or thresholds with one or more links",
      "topics": [
        "kits_convert"
      ]
    },
    {
      "page": "kits_dif",
      "title": "Differences between groups: LR test and item DIF",
      "topics": [
        "kits_dif",
        "plot.kits_dif",
        "print.kits_dif",
        "print.kits_dif_summary",
        "summary.kits_dif"
      ]
    },
    {
      "page": "kits_dif_combine",
      "title": "Combined DIF decision over two cohorts",
      "topics": [
        "kits_dif_combine"
      ]
    },
    {
      "page": "kits_drift",
      "title": "Item drift: do the items behave the same in a new wave of data?",
      "topics": [
        "kits_drift",
        "plot.kits_drift",
        "print.kits_drift"
      ]
    },
    {
      "page": "kits_esf",
      "title": "Elementary symmetric functions of CML and the conditional item-score distributions",
      "topics": [
        "as.data.frame.kits_esf",
        "kits_esf",
        "plot.kits_esf",
        "print.kits_esf"
      ]
    },
    {
      "page": "kits_info",
      "title": "Provenance of a result",
      "topics": [
        "kits_info",
        "print.kits_info"
      ]
    },
    {
      "page": "kits_information",
      "title": "Test information and expected score as functions of theta",
      "topics": [
        "kits_expected_score",
        "kits_expected_score.default",
        "kits_expected_score.kits",
        "kits_expected_score.kits_fit",
        "kits_expected_score.kits_item",
        "kits_information",
        "kits_information.default",
        "kits_information.kits",
        "kits_information.kits_fit",
        "kits_information.kits_item",
        "print.kits_expected_score",
        "print.kits_information"
      ]
    },
    {
      "page": "kits_item",
      "title": "Item calibration: the PCM by CML in RTMB, plus the threshold of every step",
      "topics": [
        "coef.kits_item",
        "kits_item",
        "plot.kits_item",
        "print.kits_item"
      ]
    },
    {
      "page": "kits_item_restscore",
      "title": "Item-restscore association: observed against expected gamma",
      "topics": [
        "kits_item_restscore",
        "plot.kits_item_restscore",
        "print.kits_item_restscore"
      ]
    },
    {
      "page": "kits_item_steps",
      "title": "The calibration step by step: counts, CML, thresholds",
      "topics": [
        "kits_cml",
        "kits_item_steps",
        "kits_stats",
        "kits_thresholds",
        "print.kits_stats"
      ]
    },
    {
      "page": "kits_item_table",
      "title": "Item table: each item with its D, ages, DIF and stem, for the report plots",
      "topics": [
        "kits_item_table",
        "plot.kits_item_table"
      ]
    },
    {
      "page": "kits_itemfit",
      "title": "Item fit: infit and outfit mean squares, and the item-rest correlation",
      "topics": [
        "kits_itemfit",
        "plot.kits_itemfit"
      ]
    },
    {
      "page": "kits_link_check",
      "title": "Independent checks of a link between two calibrations",
      "topics": [
        "kits_link_check",
        "print.kits_link_check"
      ]
    },
    {
      "page": "kits_link_steps",
      "title": "A link step by step: points, screening, line, linking error",
      "topics": [
        "kits_link_error",
        "kits_link_line",
        "kits_link_points",
        "kits_link_screen",
        "kits_link_steps"
      ]
    },
    {
      "page": "kits_linking",
      "title": "Link two scales: between two calibrations, or to D through anchor items",
      "topics": [
        "kits_linking"
      ]
    },
    {
      "page": "kits_methods",
      "title": "Confidence intervals, covariances and other base methods for kits results",
      "topics": [
        "confint.kits_dif",
        "confint.kits_item",
        "confint.kits_link",
        "kits_methods",
        "logLik.kits_item",
        "logLik.kits_norms",
        "nobs.kits_item",
        "nobs.kits_norms",
        "simulate.kits_item",
        "update.kits_item",
        "update.kits_norms",
        "vcov.kits_item"
      ]
    },
    {
      "page": "kits_norm_ages",
      "title": "Age range of the norms",
      "topics": [
        "kits_norm_ages"
      ]
    },
    {
      "page": "kits_norm_screen",
      "title": "Screening waves before fitting norms: waves with scores piled at the floor",
      "topics": [
        "kits_norm_screen",
        "plot.kits_norm_screen"
      ]
    },
    {
      "page": "kits_norm_steps",
      "title": "A norm step by step: data, fit, table",
      "topics": [
        "kits_norm_data",
        "kits_norm_fit",
        "kits_norm_steps",
        "kits_norm_table",
        "print.kits_norm_data",
        "print.kits_norm_fit"
      ]
    },
    {
      "page": "kits_norm_z",
      "title": "Same-age z-score",
      "topics": [
        "kits_norm_z",
        "kits_norm_z.default",
        "kits_norm_z.kits_subj"
      ]
    },
    {
      "page": "kits_norms",
      "title": "Fit a continuous norm (shash by maximum likelihood in RTMB)",
      "topics": [
        "kits_norms",
        "kits_norms.default",
        "kits_norms.kits_subj",
        "print.kits_norms"
      ]
    },
    {
      "page": "kits_pcm_prob",
      "title": "PCM category probabilities, expected scores and information given theta",
      "topics": [
        "as.data.frame.kits_pcm_prob",
        "kits_pcm_prob",
        "plot.kits_pcm_prob",
        "print.kits_pcm_prob"
      ]
    },
    {
      "page": "kits_precision",
      "title": "Precision of each form across the scale",
      "topics": [
        "kits_precision",
        "plot.kits_precision",
        "print.kits_precision"
      ]
    },
    {
      "page": "kits_resp",
      "title": "Responses with the information of each child",
      "topics": [
        "kits_resp",
        "plot.kits_resp",
        "print.kits_resp",
        "summary.kits_resp"
      ]
    },
    {
      "page": "kits_save_plot",
      "title": "Save a plot: interactive html and static png",
      "topics": [
        "kits_save_plot"
      ]
    },
    {
      "page": "kits_sim",
      "title": "Simulate PCM responses",
      "topics": [
        "kits_sim"
      ]
    },
    {
      "page": "kits_subj",
      "title": "Person abilities (WLE) that can always be computed",
      "topics": [
        "kits_subj",
        "print.kits_subj"
      ]
    },
    {
      "page": "kits_subj_table",
      "title": "Raw-score to ability table",
      "topics": [
        "kits_subj_table",
        "print.kits_pattern_table",
        "print.kits_subj_table"
      ]
    },
    {
      "page": "kits_vertical",
      "title": "Statistics of a vertical scale: growth, variability and separation by wave",
      "topics": [
        "kits_vertical",
        "plot.kits_vertical",
        "print.kits_vertical"
      ]
    },
    {
      "page": "NORM_PCT",
      "title": "Default percentiles of the norms",
      "topics": [
        "NORM_PCT"
      ]
    },
    {
      "page": "plot.kits_norms",
      "title": "Plot a continuous norm: percentile curves, one norm or by group",
      "topics": [
        "plot.kits_norms"
      ]
    },
    {
      "page": "print.kits_link",
      "title": "Print or plot a link",
      "topics": [
        "coef.kits_link",
        "plot.kits_link",
        "print.kits_link"
      ]
    },
    {
      "page": "print.kits_norm_screen",
      "title": "Print a norm screen",
      "topics": [
        "print.kits_norm_screen"
      ]
    },
    {
      "page": "print.kits_table",
      "title": "Print a kits table",
      "topics": [
        "print.kits_itemfit",
        "print.kits_table",
        "rbind.kits_subj",
        "rbind.kits_table",
        "[.kits_table"
      ]
    },
    {
      "page": "summary.kits",
      "title": "Summary of a kits result: a short print and the diagnostics",
      "topics": [
        "print.kits_summary",
        "summary.kits",
        "summary.kits_drift",
        "summary.kits_item",
        "summary.kits_link",
        "summary.kits_link_check",
        "summary.kits_norm_screen",
        "summary.kits_table"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "_readme": "https://github.com/jiewenTsai/kits/raw/HEAD/README.md",
  "_rundeps": [
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    "cachem",
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  "_vignettes": [
    {
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      "filename": "kits-flow.html",
      "title": "kits 入門：從作答到常模",
      "engine": "quarto::html",
      "headings": [
        "流程",
        "0 資料",
        "作答表：kits_resp()",
        "1 校準",
        "1.1 印出來的數字",
        "1.2 二點計分和混合計分",
        "2 世代連結（M36 → M03）",
        "3 接到 D",
        "4 計分與換算",
        "疊表",
        "原始分換算表",
        "兩組題的原始分對照",
        "5 常模",
        "6 檢查",
        "下一步",
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      "created": "2026-10-29 11:31:45",
      "modified": "2026-10-29 11:31:45",
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      "source": "kits-advanced.qmd",
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      "title": "kits 進階：題目分析、新波次、公式、量尺的性質",
      "engine": "quarto::html",
      "headings": [
        "資料：入門篇的第 0 到 5 步",
        "7 題目分析和報告的圖",
        "7.1 通過月齡要用的資料",
        "7.2 性別 DIF：kits_dif()、kits_dif_combine()",
        "7.3 題目表：kits_item_table()",
        "7.4 成長曲線與題目：plot(item_tab)",
        "7.5 成長階梯：plot(item_tab, type = \"ladder\")",
        "7.6 男女的常模：kits_norms(..., by = \"sex\")",
        "8 新的波次",
        "8.1 哪些題偏移：kits_drift()",
        "8.2 固定參數校準",
        "8.3 計分與常模",
        "8.4 各波次的中位數：plot(v, type = \"median\")",
        "分批進來時",
        "9 演算法和程式",
        "9.1 演算法：kits_algorithm()",
        "9.2 拆開的演算法：algo_ 函數",
        "9.3 教學腳本：inst/scripts/",
        "10 量尺的性質（Kolen & Brennan, 2014）",
        "10.1 每個 θ 的連結誤差",
        "10.2 斜率和 1 比",
        "10.3 接到 D 的用語",
        "10.4 波次是垂直量尺：kits_vertical()",
        "10.5 量尺上的精準度：kits_precision()",
        "10.6 兩組題的原始分對照：kits_subj_table() 和 kits_expected_score()",
        "10.7 世代連結的獨立檢查：kits_link_check()",
        "10.8 篩點的規則：spread、unit",
        "10.9 反應機率（RP）：coef(item, rp = )、kits_item_table(rp = )",
        "10.10 新波次的品質管制",
        "引用"
      ],
      "created": "2026-10-29 11:31:45",
      "modified": "2026-10-29 11:31:45",
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  "_indexed": true,
  "_nocasepkg": "kits",
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